<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606</id><updated>2011-11-27T15:43:59.082-08:00</updated><category term='neurocomputação'/><category term='ciências cognitivas'/><category term='USP'/><category term='IINN-ELS'/><category term='aprimoramento cognitivo'/><category term='educação científica'/><category term='Palestras de neurociência'/><category term='simulação do córtex'/><category term='engenharia reversa do cérebro'/><category term='filosofia da mente'/><category term='Numenta'/><category term='blue brain'/><category term='simulação de neurônios'/><category term='Henry Markran'/><category term='supercomputador'/><category term='Miguel Nicolelis'/><category term='Natal'/><category term='João Teixeira'/><category term='Redes Neurais Híbridas'/><category term='sinapse'/><category term='HTM'/><category term='Redes Neurais'/><category term='Interface Cérebro-Máquina'/><category term='computação cognitiva'/><category term='sono'/><category term='livros'/><category term='Hierarchical Temporal Memory'/><category term='aprendizagem'/><category term='Reynaldo Daniel Pinto'/><category term='UFSCar'/><category term='Neurônios Artificiais'/><title type='text'>NeuroFronteiras - direto do front das ideias</title><subtitle type='html'>Notícias relacionadas à neurociência, cérebro, inteligência artificial, educação e ciência como instrumento de transformação social, com ênfase à produção científica brasileira.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>12</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-2843839373975754441</id><published>2011-02-15T06:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-15T07:04:40.523-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Filosofia: conhecimento da pesquisa do seu tempo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Uma dica bibliográfica muito interessante, do blog &lt;a href="http://externalismo.blogspot.com/2010/08/origins-meu-pos-doc-informal.html"&gt;externalismo&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Ontem chegou minha cópia do livro &lt;a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DA3Q769IBLAC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;dq=Origins+Of+Objectivity&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=ZZVaTdmzHMiCtgfd2p28Cw&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=1&amp;amp;ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false"&gt;Origins of objectivity&lt;/a&gt;, de Tyler Burge. (...)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Origins é o mais importante livro de filosofia publicado no século XXI, até o momento. Trata-se de um esforço enorme para abordar a percepção a partir de tudo o que a psicologia descobriu nas últimas décadas, dando atenção ao que foi pouco abordado por outros filósofos que estavam na direção certa, e corrigindo seus exageros intelectualistas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Se me permitem o exagero, e a simplificação, os últimos grandes livros de filosofia que chegariam perto de Origins foram publicados em 1994. São eles Mente e mundo, de John McDowell, e Making it explicit, de Robert Brandom. Nos dois casos temos projetos de amplo impacto e ambição. Mas ambos os trabalhos sofrem de algo que é simplesmente um defeito, a partir do novo padrão de grande obra de filosofia estabelecido por Origins: a ignorância, da parte do filósofo, daquilo que os cientistas sabem sobre o tema em debate. Origins estabelece um novo padrão para o que é uma grande obra de filosofia ao resgatar aquilo que tínhamos em Aristóteles, Descartes e na tradição em geral: o conhecimento, da parte do filósofo, dos métodos e resultados da pesquisa científica do seu tempo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Uma parte importante de Origins é dedicada à crítica dos filósofos contemporâneos, mostrando seus erros e exageros intelectualistas, e a ignorância da ciência relevante como fonte de tais erros. A meu ver, essa parte da obra é o metro a partir do qual devemos ler os filósofos das últimas décadas, pois esse é o exame crítico mais relevante, aquele que deve moldar nossa visão sobre o legado desses filósofos."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-2843839373975754441?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/2843839373975754441/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2011/02/filosofia-conhecimento-da-pesquisa-do.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/2843839373975754441'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/2843839373975754441'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2011/02/filosofia-conhecimento-da-pesquisa-do.html' title='Filosofia: conhecimento da pesquisa do seu tempo'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-1600409256555862317</id><published>2010-10-25T06:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-25T06:19:56.865-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Cérebro humano conspira contra os debates ponderados</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  &gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; font-size: x-small; "&gt;Folha de S.Paulo, sábado, 23 de outubro de 2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span  &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; font-size: x-small; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;b&gt;Cérebro humano conspira contra os debates ponderados&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;HÉLIO SCHWARTSMAN&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span &gt;ARTICULISTA DA &lt;b&gt;FOLHA &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O neurocientista português António Damásio mostrou que é impossível até mesmo pensar sem mobilizar as emoções, mas isso não é desculpa para não tentarmos travar debates racionais, especialmente quando discutimos políticas públicas.&lt;br /&gt;O chamado "controle "top-down'", no qual o neocórtex -o, vá lá, cérebro racional- assume o comando, sobrepondo-se a nossas inclinações e apetites naturais, é um evento relativamente raro, mas não desconhecido.&lt;br /&gt;De um modo geral, ocorre exatamente o contrário. Nosso órgão executivo central é que age segundo um sistema de preferências internas preestabelecidas, com base em emoções e intuições morais esculpidas por condicionamentos culturais.&lt;br /&gt;A feliz imagem de Robert Wright resume bem a situação: "O cérebro é como um bom advogado: dado um conjunto de interesses a defender, ele se põe a convencer o mundo de sua correção lógica e moral, independentemente de ter qualquer uma das duas. Como um advogado, o cérebro humano quer vitória, não verdade".&lt;br /&gt;Esse sistema está tão enraizado dentro de nós que, de acordo com o psicólogo Jonathan Haidt, depois que um juízo intuitivo foi proferido e reforçado por uma racionalização, existem poucas circunstâncias sob as quais esse juízo pode ser alterado.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Artigo completo (assinantes da Folha ou do UOL: &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe2310201004.htm"&gt;http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe2310201004.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-1600409256555862317?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/1600409256555862317/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/10/cerebro-humano-conspira-contra-os.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/1600409256555862317'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/1600409256555862317'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/10/cerebro-humano-conspira-contra-os.html' title='Cérebro humano conspira contra os debates ponderados'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-7042142413386867572</id><published>2010-08-16T10:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-08-16T10:53:29.572-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hierarchical Temporal Memory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Numenta'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='neurocomputação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='HTM'/><title type='text'>Neurônios individuais têm poder computacional</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qddIbgTteXo/TGl4OJnug5I/AAAAAAAAAC8/BKo4-mjTaDY/s1600/010150100813-neuronios-sequencia.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 283px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qddIbgTteXo/TGl4OJnug5I/AAAAAAAAAC8/BKo4-mjTaDY/s320/010150100813-neuronios-sequencia.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5506064203933189010" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=neuronios-individuais-tem-poder-computacional&amp;amp;id=010150100813"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Redação do Site Inovação Tecnológica - 13/08/2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Um neurônio do córtex visual de um camundongo recebeu um corante fluorescente para que seus dendritos pudessem ser visualizados. Um laser fez disparos sobre os dendritos para ativar grupos de impulsos em diferentes ordens. A resposta elétrica do neurônio foi diferente para cada sequência de impulsos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;As células individuais do cérebro são surpreendentemente eficientes na detecção de diferentes sequências temporais nas informações que chegam até eles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;A descoberta contesta uma noção longamente aceita pelos cientistas de que esse tipo de processamento no cérebro exige grandes números de neurônios trabalhando em conjunto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Pobres transistores&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Apesar de cada vez menos aceita pelos neurocientistas, a comparação do cérebro humano com um computador sempre considerou que os neurônios seriam os transistores - os componentes básicos do cérebro, mas incapazes de qualquer computação quando isolados.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A descoberta contesta essa ideia, mostrando que os neurônios individuais - e até mesmo os dendritos, os pequenos elementos receptores dos neurônios - são dispositivos computacionais excepcionalmente poderosos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"No dia-a-dia, nós precisamos constantemente usar informações sobre sequências de eventos a fim de entender o mundo ao nosso redor. Por exemplo, na linguagem, uma coleção de diferentes sequências do mesmo conjunto de letras ou sons montados em sentenças somente fazem sentido conforme a ordem em que esses sons ou letras são montados," explica o Dr. Tiago Branco, da Universidade College London, na Inglaterra.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;O cérebro humano é particularmente eficiente no processamento de sequências de informações. Por exemplo, cita Branco, os mais modernos computadores têm grande dificuldade de decifrar uma sequência rápida de palavras que uma criança de cinco anos de idade entende perfeitamente.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Como o cérebro é tão bom em distinguir uma sequência de eventos de outras é algo que não é bem compreendido mas, até agora, a crença geral era de que esse trabalho era feito por um grande número de neurônios trabalhando em conjunto," diz ele. Essa crença agora foi derrubada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Poder computacional dos neurônios&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Estudando o cérebro de um camundongo, os pesquisadores monitoraram os neurônios em áreas do cérebro responsáveis pelo processamento dos impulsos sensoriais dos olhos e da face.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Para verificar como esses neurônios respondiam às variações na ordem em que um determinado conjunto de impulsos era fornecido, os cientistas usaram um laser para ativar os dendritos em padrões precisos, e mediram a resposta elétrica dos neurônios.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Primeiro, um neurônio do córtex visual do camundongo recebeu um corante fluorescente para que seus dendritos pudessem ser visualizados. A seguir, um laser fez disparos minúsculos e superprecisos sobre os dendritos para simular sinapses e ativar grupos de impulsos em diferentes ordens.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Os cientistas descobriram que cada sequência produz uma resposta diferente, mesmo quando o impulso é enviado para um único dendrito.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A resposta elétrica do neurônio foi diferente para cada sequência de impulsos, permitindo a identificação, a partir dessa resposta, dos padrões disparados pelo laser para dendritos individuais, assim como para padrões disparados aleatoriamente pela árvore dendrítica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Usando modelos teóricos construídos a partir de seus dados, os pesquisadores demonstraram que a probabilidade de que duas sequências diferentes sejam distinguidas uma da outra pelo neurônio individual é incrivelmente alta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Esta pesquisa indica que os neurônios individuais são decodificadores de sequências temporais de informações, e que eles podem desempenhar um papel significativo na ordenação e na interpretação da enorme quantidade de impulsos recebidos pelo cérebro," afirma o professor Michael Hausser, coordenador do estudo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bibliografia:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dendritic Discrimination of Temporal Input Sequences in Cortical Neurons&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tiago Branco, Beverley A. Clark, Michael Häusser&lt;br /&gt;Science&lt;br /&gt;12 August 2010&lt;br /&gt;Vol.: Science Express Reports&lt;br /&gt;DOI: 10.1126/science.1189664&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Comentário&lt;/b&gt;: essa descoberta abre discussão para os modelos matemáticos do neocórtex, como os defendidos por &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Dileep George and Jeff Hawkins, que também pretendem construir memórias baseadas em sequências temporais ("Hierarchical Temporal Memory" -- HTM), mas cujos nós representam várias colunas neocorticais (cada uma, no cérebro biológico, representam dezenas de milhares de neurônios). Embora o objetivo de George e Hawkins seja construir um modelo funcional (e não uma cópia fiel e exata do cérebro), permanece a questão: até que pondo pode-se simplificar o modelo biológico sem sofrer a perda das propriedades que se quer mimetizar? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-7042142413386867572?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/7042142413386867572/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/08/neuronios-individuais-tem-poder.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/7042142413386867572'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/7042142413386867572'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/08/neuronios-individuais-tem-poder.html' title='Neurônios individuais têm poder computacional'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qddIbgTteXo/TGl4OJnug5I/AAAAAAAAAC8/BKo4-mjTaDY/s72-c/010150100813-neuronios-sequencia.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-8239200993873704574</id><published>2010-07-02T14:29:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-02T14:34:11.131-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sinapse'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='simulação de neurônios'/><title type='text'>O nascimento da sinapse</title><content type='html'>Belíssima simulação da formação de uma sinapse no cérebro de um camundongo. A informática é a grande ferramenta atual na compreensão do cérebro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zXLeJFu57Wg&amp;amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/zXLeJFu57Wg&amp;amp;hl=pt_BR&amp;amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-8239200993873704574?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/8239200993873704574/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/07/o-nascimento-da-sinapse.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/8239200993873704574'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/8239200993873704574'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/07/o-nascimento-da-sinapse.html' title='O nascimento da sinapse'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-3213342234475174577</id><published>2010-07-02T13:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-07-02T14:01:04.210-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UFSCar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='filosofia da mente'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ciências cognitivas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='João Teixeira'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='livros'/><title type='text'>Professor da UFSCar disponibiliza livros de filosofia da mente</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qddIbgTteXo/TC5Q3UeErhI/AAAAAAAAAC0/7pI_V1Zq8FY/s1600/captured.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 123px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qddIbgTteXo/TC5Q3UeErhI/AAAAAAAAAC0/7pI_V1Zq8FY/s320/captured.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489413907129085458" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;O belo mistério da cognição humana pode ser abordado de diferentes perspectivas (que, no seu conjunto, compõem o campo das "ciências cognitivas": desde a do biólogo que observa as estruturas biológicas, passando pelo engenheiro, que se esforça por mimetizá-las, até o filósofo, que trabalha com as questões mais abstratas, fundamentais e, pelo menos em dado momento, insuscetíveis de experimentação. Os interessados nesta última abordagem poderão se fartar no site &lt;a href="http://www.filosofiadamente.org/"&gt;www.filosofiadamente.org&lt;/a&gt;, de autoria do Prof. Dr. João de Fernandes Teixeira (&lt;a href="http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.jsp?id=K4783165A8"&gt;currículo lattes&lt;/a&gt;), da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, pioneiro nos estudos e na divulgação da filosofia da mente no Brasil e cujos trabalhos seminais (&lt;i&gt;O que é filosofia da mente?&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;O que é Inteligência Artificial?&lt;/i&gt; e &lt;i&gt;Mentes e Máquinas&lt;/i&gt;) encontram-se disponíveis para download &lt;a href="http://www.filosofiadamente.org/content/blogcategory/12/4/"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Para quem pretende se aventurar pela selva de neurônios, talvez os livros acima sejam a melhor introdução possível.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-3213342234475174577?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/3213342234475174577/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/07/professor-da-ufscar-disponibiliza.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/3213342234475174577'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/3213342234475174577'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/07/professor-da-ufscar-disponibiliza.html' title='Professor da UFSCar disponibiliza livros de filosofia da mente'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_qddIbgTteXo/TC5Q3UeErhI/AAAAAAAAAC0/7pI_V1Zq8FY/s72-c/captured.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-2362483932452444100</id><published>2010-02-22T12:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-22T13:08:58.740-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aprendizagem'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aprimoramento cognitivo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sono'/><title type='text'>Cochilo diurno aumenta capacidade de aprendizado do cérebro, dizem cientistas da UC Bekerley</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Sans; "&gt;&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;Um programa de sono bifásico (à noite e de dia, este último de cerca de uma hora e meia) pode aumentar dramaticamente e restaurar a capacidade de aprendizado do cérebro -- revela experimento realizado na Universidade da Califórnia em Bekerley. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;Contrariamente, quanto mais tempo acordado, mais lenta a mente fica. O mecanismo funcionaria mais ou menos assim: o hipocampo (estrutura cerebral com forma que lembra um cavalo marinho) é responsável pelo armazenamento temporário (enquanto a pessoa está acordada) dos fatos daquele dia. A triagem do que a pessoa vai lembrar e do que vai esquecer acontece durante o próximo período de sono, mais especificamente, após o segundo estágio do sono não-REM (que ocorre entre o sono profundo e o sono REM -- aquele dos movimentos rápidos dos olhos). Enquanto esse sono não ocorre, o hipocampo vai gradativamente diminuindo sua capacidade de armazenar novas informações e, portanto, a capacidade de aprendizado diminui a ponto de estudantes que passam noites em claro terem a capacidade de aprender coisas novas reduzida em até 40%. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;Um programa de sono bifásico (1ª fase: sono durante a noite; 2ª fase: 1h30min de sono durante o dia) faria com que o hipocampo liberasse novamente a memória temporária, recobrando sua capacidade de aprendizagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;Esse fenômeno explicaria porque o cérebro consome 50% da hora de sono no estágio 2 do sono não-REM. Trata-se, certamente, da maneira mais fácil de aprimoramento cognitivo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; "&gt;Antes de tirar uma soneca, confira a notícia em inglês: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Sans; font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style="text-align: justify;padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, Sans; font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;A midday nap markedly boosts the brain's learning capacity&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;small style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(140, 140, 140); "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;February 21, 2010&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;span class="newsimg" style="float: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="clear-left" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; clear: left; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you see a student dozing in the library or a co-worker catching 40 winks in her cubicle, don't roll your eyes. New research from the University of California, Berkeley, shows that an hour's nap can dramatically boost and restore your brain power. Indeed, the findings suggest that a biphasic sleep schedule not only refreshes the mind, but can make you smarter.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="clear-left" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; clear: left; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="box-ads" style="margin-top: 1px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; clear: left; "&gt;&lt;div class="KonaBody" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; float: none; width: 540px; position: relative; "&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Conversely, the more hours we spend awake, the more sluggish our minds become, according to the findings. The results support previous data from the same research team that pulling an all-nighter - a common practice at college during midterms and finals -- decreases the ability to cram in new facts by nearly 40 percent, due to a shutdown of &lt;a href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/brain/" rel="tag" class="textTag" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: normal; "&gt;brain&lt;/a&gt; regions during &lt;a href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/sleep+deprivation/" rel="tag" class="textTag" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: normal; "&gt;sleep deprivation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;"&lt;a href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/sleep/" rel="tag" class="textTag" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: normal; "&gt;Sleep&lt;/a&gt; not only rights the wrong of prolonged wakefulness but, at a neurocognitive level, it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap," said Matthew Walker, an assistant professor of psychology at UC Berkeley and the lead investigator of these studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;In the recent UC Berkeley sleep study, 39 healthy young adults were divided into two groups - nap and no-nap. At noon, all the participants were subjected to a rigorous learning task intended to tax the &lt;a href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/hippocampus/" rel="tag" class="textTag" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: normal; "&gt;hippocampus&lt;/a&gt;, a region of the brain that helps store fact-based memories. Both groups performed at comparable levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;At 2 p.m., the nap group took a 90-minute siesta while the no-nap group stayed awake. Later that day, at 6 p.m., participants performed a new round of learning exercises. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning. In contrast, those who napped did markedly better and actually improved in their capacity to learn.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;These findings reinforce the researchers' hypothesis that sleep is needed to clear the brain's short-term &lt;a href="http://www.physorg.com/tags/memory/" rel="tag" class="textTag" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: normal; "&gt;memory&lt;/a&gt; storage and make room for new information, said Walker, who is presenting his preliminary findings on Sunday, Feb. 21, at the annual meeting of the American Association of the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in San Diego, Calif.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Since 2007, Walker and other sleep researchers have established that fact-based memories are temporarily stored in the hippocampus before being sent to the brain's prefrontal cortex, which may have more storage space.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;"It's as though the e-mail inbox in your hippocampus is full and, until you sleep and clear out those fact e-mails, you're not going to receive any more mail. It's just going to bounce until you sleep and move it into another folder," Walker said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;In the latest study, Walker and his team have broken new ground in discovering that this memory- refreshing process occurs when nappers are engaged in a specific stage of sleep. Electroencephalogram tests, which measure electrical activity in the brain, indicated that this refreshing of memory capacity is related to Stage 2 non-REM sleep, which takes place between deep sleep (non-REM) and the dream state known as Rapid Eye Movement (REM). Previously, the purpose of this stage was unclear, but the new results offer evidence as to why humans spend at least half their sleeping hours in Stage 2, non-REM, Walker said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;"I can't imagine Mother Nature would have us spend 50 percent of the night going from one sleep stage to another for no reason," Walker said. "Sleep is sophisticated. It acts locally to give us what we need."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Walker and his team will go on to investigate whether the reduction of sleep experienced by people as they get older is related to the documented decrease in our ability to learn as we age. Finding that link may be helpful in understanding such neurodegenerative conditions as Alzheimer's disease, Walker said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Provided by University of California - Berkeley (&lt;a href="http://www.physorg.com/partners/university-of-california---berkeley/" rel="news" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: bold; "&gt;news&lt;/a&gt; : &lt;a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(14, 50, 102); font-weight: bold; "&gt;web&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-2362483932452444100?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/2362483932452444100/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/02/cochilo-diurno-aumenta-capacidade-de.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/2362483932452444100'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/2362483932452444100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/02/cochilo-diurno-aumenta-capacidade-de.html' title='Cochilo diurno aumenta capacidade de aprendizado do cérebro, dizem cientistas da UC Bekerley'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-5115053243771817926</id><published>2010-02-21T06:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-21T06:45:08.362-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Dan Dennett fala sobre memes perigosos</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;[&lt;b&gt;Dan Dennett&lt;/b&gt;] Então imagine que você está numa floresta, ou que você está numa pastagem, e você vê esta formiga escalando esta folha de capim. Ela sobe até o topo, e então cai, E sobe de novo, e cai, e sobe -- tentando ficar no topo da folha de capim. O que esta formiga está fazendo? Para que serve isto? Que objetivos esta formiga está tentando realizar ao escalar esta folha de capim? O que a formiga ganha com isto? E a resposta é: nada. A formiga não ganha nada com isto. Muito bem, então porque ela faz isto? Será apenas uma obra do acaso? Bem, aqui o acaso tem nome. É o Dicrocoelium dendriticum. É um pequeno verme no cérebro. É um verme parasita no cérebro, que precisa chegar ao estômago de uma ovelha ou vaca para continuar seu ciclo de vida. O salmão nada rio acima para chegar aos locais de desova, e o Dicrocoelium dendriticum recruta uma formiga que está passando arrasta-se até o cérebro dela, e a dirige até o topo da folha de capim como se fosse um veículo. E assim a formiga não ganha nada com isso. O cérebro da formiga foi sequestrado por um parasita que infeta o cérebro, induzindo um comportamento suicida. Muito assustador. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muito bem, alguma coisa semelhante acontece com seres humanos? Tudo isso em benefício de uma causa que não tem nada a ver com a própria aptidão genética, é claro. Bem, já deve ter ocorrido a vocês que Islã significa "rendição" ou "submissão do interesse próprio à vontade de Alá." Bem, são ideias -- e não vermes -- que sequestram nossos cérebros. Será que estou afirmando que uma considerável minoria da população do mundo teve seus cérebros sequestrados por ideias parasitas? Não, é pior do que isso. A maioria das pessoas teve. (Risos) Existem várias ideias pelas quais se pode morrer. Liberdade, se você é de New Hampshire. (Risos) Justiça, Verdade, Comunismo. Muitas pessoas deram suas vidas pelo comunismo, e muitas deram suas vidas pelo capitalismo. E muitas pelo Catolicismo. E muitas pelo Islã. Estas são apenas algumas poucas das ideias pelas quais se deve morrer. Elas são infecciosas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--copy and paste--&gt;&lt;object width="446" height="326"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"&gt; &lt;param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/DanDennett_2002-medium.flv&amp;amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/DanDennett-2002.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;amp;vw=432&amp;amp;vh=240&amp;amp;ap=0&amp;amp;ti=116&amp;amp;introDuration=16500&amp;amp;adDuration=4000&amp;amp;postAdDuration=2000&amp;amp;adKeys=talk=dan_dennett_on_dangerous_memes;year=2002;theme=words_about_words;theme=master_storytellers;theme=how_the_mind_works;theme=unconventional_explanations;event=TED2002;&amp;amp;preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="446" height="326" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/DanDennett_2002-medium.flv&amp;amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/DanDennett-2002.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;amp;vw=432&amp;amp;vh=240&amp;amp;ap=0&amp;amp;ti=116&amp;amp;introDuration=16500&amp;amp;adDuration=4000&amp;amp;postAdDuration=2000&amp;amp;adKeys=talk=dan_dennett_on_dangerous_memes;year=2002;theme=words_about_words;theme=master_storytellers;theme=how_the_mind_works;theme=unconventional_explanations;event=TED2002;"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-5115053243771817926?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/5115053243771817926/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/02/dan-dennett-fala-sobre-memes-perigosos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/5115053243771817926'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/5115053243771817926'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/02/dan-dennett-fala-sobre-memes-perigosos.html' title='Dan Dennett fala sobre memes perigosos'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-2731053933975610345</id><published>2010-01-18T13:46:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-18T14:21:00.473-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Neurônios Artificiais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='neurocomputação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Reynaldo Daniel Pinto'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Redes Neurais Híbridas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Redes Neurais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Interface Cérebro-Máquina'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USP'/><title type='text'>Interface Cérebro-Máquina na USP em São Carlos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 1px; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;"Rede simula interação entre neurônios artificiais e biológicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#353535;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Valéria Dias, da Agência USP de Notícias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Pesquisadores do Instituto de Física (IF) da USP conseguiram construir uma rede neural híbrida conectando, por meio de sinapses artificiais, um grupo de neurônios de um crustáceo conhecido como siri azul (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Callinectes sapidus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;) a um computador que simula a atividade elétrica de um desses neurônios. O objetivo é desenvolver e testar modelos da atividade de neurônios, isolados ou de grupos, para que, no futuro, circuitos neurais danificados possam ser substituídos por próteses eletrônicas, auxiliando, por exemplo, pessoas paraplégicas ou tetraplégicas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Os experimentos estão sendo realizados no Laboratório de Fenômenos Não-Lineares (LFNL) do IF e têm a coordenação do professor Reynaldo Daniel Pinto, responsável pela pesquisa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Dinâmica Não-Linear em Redes Neurais Biológicas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;[que atualmente trabalha no Instituto de Física de São Carlos, da USP]. As experiências envolvem um grupo de onze neurônios pertencentes ao circuito neural que controla os movimentos de "mastigação" do c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;rustáceo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;O professor explica que este circuito faz parte do sistema nervoso estomatogástrico do siri azul, composto de aproximadamente 30 neurônios, e responsável pela contração rítmica e sincronizada dos vários músculos do estômago. Se a comunicação com os centros nervosos superiores é interrompida, ou se um dos neurônios é destruído, o circuito inteiro pára de funcionar e os neurônios restantes passam a emitir sinais aleatórios. "Estamos usando um neurônio artificial para restabelecer o funcionamento do sistema", conta Reynaldo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Para produzir o circuito híbrido, o crustáceo é dissecado e uma parte de seu sistema nervoso é colocada em um suporte adaptado a um microscópio. Em um dos neurônios, os pesquisadores inserem eletrodos que, ligados a um amplificador intracelular, permitem medir o sinal do neurônio e injetar correntes elétricas. O computador, que está simulando o neurônio artificial, lê os sinais coletados pelo amplificador e implementa sinapses artificiais. Pulsos de corrente elétrica são injetados no neurônio artificial e no neurônio biológico como aconteceria se o neurônio artificial fizesse parte do animal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;O software para leitura do sinal dos neurônios e produção das sinapses, inicialmente desenvolvido por Reynaldo foi aperfeiçoado com a ajuda de Marcelo Bussotti Reyes (doutorando do LFNL) para implementar simultaneamente o neurônio artificial. Atualmente, o software possibilita ler e conectar até 8 neurônios biológicos e 1 artificial ao mesmo tempo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Circuito eletrônico de neurônios&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:Georgia, serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Reynaldo iniciou os estudos de redes neurais biológicas com lagostas espinhosas californianas (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Panulirus interruptus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;) durante o pós-doutorado na Universidade da Califórnia, em San Diego, EUA. De volta ao Brasil, ele deu continuidade à pesquisa, utilizando o siri azul. Inicialmente, o professor construiu um circuito eletrônico que simulava a atividade de até três neurônios conectados. "Agora, usando diretamente o computador, fica mais fácil alterar os parâmetros para se chegar a um modelo que melhor consiga simular o que o neurônio biológico faz." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Segundo o pesquisador, o siri azul é usado porque é fácil encontrá-lo, o custo não é alto e o funcionamento de suas células é semelhante ao de vertebrados. "Uma outra vantagem é que durante várias horas após a dissecação, o circuito neural desse crustáceo continua produzindo os mesmos sinais que produz quando ele está vivo." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;O projeto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Dinâmica Não-Linear em Redes Neurais Biológicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt; tem financiamento da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;National Science Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt; (NSF) / &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;National Institutes of Health&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt; (NIH), dos EUA. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Mais informações: (0XX11) 3091-6788 / 6658 ou e-mail &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:reynaldo@if.usp.br" style="font-weight: 800; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;reynaldo@if.usp.br&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;com o professor Reynaldo"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Fonte:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.usp.br/agen/bols/2004/rede1449.htm"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;http://www.usp.br/agen/bols/2004/rede1449.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;ATUALIZAÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;em style="font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Atualmente, a pesquisa do &lt;a href="http://www.ifsc.usp.br/comunidade/exibe_docente.php?codigo=7145"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Prof. Dr. Reynaldo Daniel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; é desenvolvida no &lt;a href="http://www.ifsc.usp.br/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Instituto de Física de São Carlos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, da USP, e faz parte da rede de pesquisa em neurociência de Miguel Nicolelis que procura desenvolver interfaces cérebro-máquina (InCeMaq). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;SAIBA MAIS:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/?art=2650&amp;amp;bd=1&amp;amp;pg=1&amp;amp;lg="&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#000000;"&gt;Neurônios Artificiais - Computador substitui células nervosas de siris e lagostas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (artigo na Revista Pesquisa Fapesp sobre a pesquia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-2731053933975610345?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/2731053933975610345/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/01/interface-cerebro-maquina-na-usp-em-sao.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/2731053933975610345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/2731053933975610345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/01/interface-cerebro-maquina-na-usp-em-sao.html' title='Interface Cérebro-Máquina na USP em São Carlos'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-536057132273202741</id><published>2010-01-10T10:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-10T11:46:52.772-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='computação cognitiva'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Henry Markran'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Palestras de neurociência'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='neurocomputação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='blue brain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='engenharia reversa do cérebro'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='simulação do córtex'/><title type='text'>Engenharia reversa do cérebro mamífero</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:10px;"&gt;&lt;h1 style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 13px; margin-left: 7px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; width: auto; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 0px; font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Em uma excelente palestra no TED, o neurocientista &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Markram"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Henry Markran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; explica os objetivos e os motivos do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Projeto Blue Brain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; que ambiciona simular o córtex humano em um supercomputador em dez anos. O cientista fala, ainda, sobre uma das teorias sobre o cérebro humano (o cérebro como simulador de uma versão do universo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Sediado na École Polytechnique in Lausanne, Suíça (a mesma universidade que doou um supercomputador ao &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.natalneuro.org.br/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;IINN-ELS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;, em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte), o projeto procura estudar a arquitetura e princípios funcionais do cérebro para simulá-lo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Além de poder representar um progresso enorme na compreensão do cérebro e da consciência, o projeto poderá, ainda, beneficiar pessoas que sofrem de doenças mentais e, no futuro, dispensar ou ao menos reduzir a utilização de animais como cobaias (que seriam substituídos pela simulação).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;A palestra é curta (as palestras do TED não ultrapassam 18min), conta com animações excelentes e é possível escolher legenda em português.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;PROJETO SEMELHANTE É CRITICADO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Outro projeto, liderado por &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/people/dmodha/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Dharmendra Modha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;, desenvolvido pela IBM e financiado pelo Departamento de Defesa dos EUA, pretende criar um cérebro artificial para entender como a mente funciona, simulando as funções do córtex cerebral até 2019. Mas é criticado pelo reducionismo (reduzir um universo de conexões a uma série de padrões baseados na neurociência de duas décadas atrás) e já foi rotulado de "jogada publicitária".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Um de seus críticos, o cientista brasileiro Miguel Nicolelis, disparou: “Esse é um projeto duvidoso. Já participei de uma mesa redonda com o pessoal da empresa e acho que eles perderam completamente a razão. Eles estão usando padrões da neurociência do século 20 e ignorando as inovações”. (fonte: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/tecnologia+link,o-que-o-cerebro-ensina-as-maquinas,3215,0.shtm"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Estadão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;). E o próprio Henry Markram considerou a empreitada rival “uma brincadeira que nenhum neurocientista sério irá acreditar” (fonte: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/tecnologia+link,o-que-o-cerebro-ensina-as-maquinas,3215,0.shtm"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Estadão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;TED, GINÁSTICA PARA O CÉREBRO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;A influente fundação TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) tem sido o palco de divulgação de grandes ideias, tendo, entre seus palestrantes, Ramachandran, Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Bill Gates, Sergey Brin e Larry Page (fundadores do Google) e vários ganhadores do Prêmio Nobel. Muitas palestras contam com legenda em português (e todas, pelo menos em inglês). Vale a pena conferir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ted.com/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;www.ted.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;SAIBA MAIS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=cientista-sonha-construir-cerebro-humano-artificial-10-anos&amp;amp;id=020150090723"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Cientista sonha em construir cérebro humano artificial em 10 anos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;object width="446" height="326"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"&gt; &lt;param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/HenryMarkram_2009G-medium.flv&amp;amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/HenryMarkram-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;amp;vw=432&amp;amp;vh=240&amp;amp;ap=0&amp;amp;ti=659&amp;amp;introDuration=16500&amp;amp;adDuration=4000&amp;amp;postAdDuration=2000&amp;amp;adKeys=talk=henry_markram_supercomputing_the_brain_s_secrets;year=2009;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=how_the_mind_works;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=what_s_next_in_tech;event=TEDGlobal+2009;&amp;amp;preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="446" height="326" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/HenryMarkram_2009G-medium.flv&amp;amp;su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/HenryMarkram-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&amp;amp;vw=432&amp;amp;vh=240&amp;amp;ap=0&amp;amp;ti=659&amp;amp;introDuration=16500&amp;amp;adDuration=4000&amp;amp;postAdDuration=2000&amp;amp;adKeys=talk=henry_markram_supercomputing_the_brain_s_secrets;year=2009;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=how_the_mind_works;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=what_s_next_in_tech;event=TEDGlobal+2009;"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-536057132273202741?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/536057132273202741/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/01/engenharia-reversa-do-cerebro-mamifero.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/536057132273202741'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/536057132273202741'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2010/01/engenharia-reversa-do-cerebro-mamifero.html' title='Engenharia reversa do cérebro mamífero'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-1863237467810719418</id><published>2009-12-10T11:56:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-10T12:53:15.458-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Os melhores cursos gratuitos nas melhores universidades do mundo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; "&gt;Para quem tem interesse em aprimorar o inglês e, ao mesmo tempo, adquirir conhecimento de qualidade produzido nas melhores escolas do mundo, uma boa alternativa é estudar pelos cursos abertos gratuitos e on-line de grandes universidades americanas ("open couse ware" -- OCW).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Trata-se de iniciativa de universidades de peso norte-americanas (MIT, Stanford, UC Berkeley etc.) de disponibilizar grande parte (e, às vezes integralmente) os materiais utilizados em seus cursos, tais como gravação em vídeo das aulas, áudio em MP3, exercícios, bibliografias etc. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;O MIT tem o maior número de cursos, no entanto, os cursos do MIT-OCW são bastante lacunosos. Stanford, por outro lado, disponibiliza cursos completíssimos, mas em poucas áreas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Abaixo, uma lista com as principais universidades e cursos relacionados à neurociência e ciências cognitivas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Stanford University&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Os melhores cursos são os da Escola de Engenharia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;a href="http://see.stanford.edu/see/courses.aspx"&gt;http://see.stanford.edu/see/courses.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Introduction to Computer Scienc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Programming Methodology CS106A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Programming Abstractions CS106B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:'times new roman';font-size:large;"&gt;Programming Paradigms CS107&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Artificial Intelligence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Introduction to Robotics CS223A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Natural Language Processing CS224N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Machine Learning CS229&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Ponto forte: cursos completos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Ponto fraco: poucos cursos, embora o áudio e vídeos de outros cursos possam ser baixados pelo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://itunes.stanford.edu/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;iTunes U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;MIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:'times new roman';color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm"&gt;http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:'times new roman';color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);  font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Brain and Cognitive Sciences&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-01Fall-2007/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(81, 81, 166); "&gt;Introduction to Neuroscience&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-03Fall-2007/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(81, 81, 166); "&gt;Neural Basis of Learning and Memory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-641JSpring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(171, 67, 71); "&gt;Introduction to Neural Networks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-916Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(81, 81, 166); "&gt;The Neural Basis of Visual Object Recognition in Monkeys and Humans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-916-AProbability-and-Causality-in-Human-CognitionSpring2003/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(81, 81, 166); "&gt;Probability and Causality in Human Cognition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-93Cognitive-Neuroscience-of-Remembering--Creating-and-Controlling-MemoryJanuary--IAP-2002/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(81, 81, 166); "&gt;Cognitive Neuroscience of Remembering: Creating and Controlling Memory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-98Language-and-MindJanuary--IAP-2003/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(104, 10, 18); "&gt;Language and Mind&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-weight: bold; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:24px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Linguistics and Philosophy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-weight: bold; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:24px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Linguistics-and-Philosophy/24-09Spring-2007/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(104, 10, 18); "&gt;Minds and Machines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-weight: bold; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:24px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Linguistics-and-Philosophy/24-09Spring-2007/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(104, 10, 18); "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Electrical Engineering and Computer Science&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-weight: bold; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:24px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-00Fall-2008/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(104, 10, 18); "&gt;Introduction to Computer Science and Programming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-weight: bold; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:24px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-001Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(81, 81, 166); "&gt;Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);   font-weight: normal; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-weight: bold; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:24px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="border-collapse: separate;   font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-006Spring-2008/CourseHome/index.htm" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(104, 10, 18); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Introduction to Algorithms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Ponto forte: muitos cursos, em todas as áreas do conhecimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Ponto fraco: cursos incompletos, com muitas lacunas, o que torna um pouco frustrante acompanhar os cursos. A maioria dos cursos só é util com aquisição do livro didático utilizado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;UC Berkeley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses.php?semesterid=2009-D"&gt;http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses.php?semesterid=2009-D&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:'times new roman';font-size:large;"&gt;Cognitive Science C127, 001, Psychology C127, 001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Ponto forte: muitos cursos, em todas as áreas do conhecimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Ponto fraco: só o vídeo e, algumas vezes, só o áudio é disponibilizado. Não há transcrição dos cursos e, portanto, é preciso ter um bom inglês. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Lista com os 10 melhores OCW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Para saber quais são as universidades com os melhores cursos on line abertos, segundo avaliação do site "Portal-Education":&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://education-portal.com/articles/Universities_with_the_Best_Free_Online_Courses.html"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;http://education-portal.com/articles/Universities_with_the_Best_Free_Online_Courses.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Brasil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Se universidades norte-americanas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;privadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt; e &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;presenciais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt; disponibilizam a todos boa parte de seus cursos, porque as universidades &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;públicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt; brasileiras com cursos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;à distância&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt; (consórcio &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://uab.capes.gov.br/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Universidade Aberta do Brasil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt; - UAB e &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.univesp.ensinosuperior.sp.gov.br/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;UniVesp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;, em São Paulo) não disponibilizam o material virtual (que, por ser em português, beneficiaria milhões de lusófonos) preparado para seus cursos virtuais? Isto é, diferentemente das instituições americanas, que tem alto custo com a gravação e disponibilização em sites, a UAB e UniVesp já tem este material na internet para seus alunos. Basta destrancá-lo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-1863237467810719418?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/1863237467810719418/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2009/12/os-melhores-cursos-gratuitos-nas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/1863237467810719418'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/1863237467810719418'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2009/12/os-melhores-cursos-gratuitos-nas.html' title='Os melhores cursos gratuitos nas melhores universidades do mundo'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-795024338280102560</id><published>2009-12-01T06:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-01T08:15:48.363-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Miguel Nicolelis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Natal'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IINN-ELS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='educação científica'/><title type='text'>"Ciência pode ser agente de transformação social", diz cientista</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;A Edição 134 (Abril de 2008) da &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://carosamigos.terra.com.br/"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Revista Caros Amigos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; traz uma excelente entrevista de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Nicolelis"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Miguel Nicolelis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; à (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.natalneuro.org.br/imprensa/pdf/2008_05_nicolelis.pdf"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;clique aqui&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; para baixar em PDF).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Em tom bastante coloquial (aliás, próprio de Nicolelis), a entrevista revela,  além da sua ciência, traços biográficos do grande cientista. Confira os trechos abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Deus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Tenho uma ótima relação com Deus: ele não acredita em mim e eu não acredito nele."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Experimentalista&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Se Freud aparecesse hoje numa convenção, seria um 'neurocientista computacional', um formulador de teorias ou de hipóteses que gente como eu, experimentalista, ia levantar e falar 'muito bonito, mas cadê o dado?'"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Vocação científica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"O &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;[Colégio]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; Bandeirantes tinha laboratórios raros. Você podia fazer alguma coisa que não estava no script. Aí percebi que ciência é o melhor emprego que existe, pagam você para ser moleque, experimentar, se divertir. (...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Entrei na faculdade para ser neurocirurgião e descobri que era mais ou menos trabalhar com encanamento o resto da vida – coisa fundamental, quando você quiser um neurocirurgião, o cara tem que ser bom, mas não era pra mim. Percebi que era possível fazer o que fazia no Bandeirantes profissionalmente."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Brasil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Se você passar duas semanas no interior do Rio Grande do Norte, da Paraíba, é outro Brasil. A gente respira aquele país que, quando eu era criança, me diziam que nunca seria possível se fazer.  [Nesse momento Nicolelis chora] E é chocante, você só consegue falar sobre isso fora daqui. O Brasil, de certa maneira, carrega hoje a responsabilidade de ser uma das poucas boas esperanças no mundo. De preservar seu ambiente, construir um país honesto, que cresça não à custa de outro, mas à custa do seu próprio trabalho, um país que tem uma democracia explodindo, não? Eu coloquei na minha porta na Universidade de Duke: 95 milhões de votos contados em quatro horas. Qualquer semelhança é pura coincidência. Eu me tornei mais brasileiro vivendo fora daqui. E acho inconcebível que nossas crianças cresçam sem apreciar a diferença entre patriotismo barato e verdadeiro amor pelo Brasil. Têm direito ao acesso à informação legítima, honesta e limpa. Para saber que país é, quais são os problemas, mas quais são as maravilhas do Brasil... [chora novamente]. Tem duas piadas que me deixam possesso. Uma é quando alguém fala, aqui, que 'isto é coisa de primeiro mundo'. Que primeiro mundo? E a segunda é que 'Deus criou esse maravilhoso país, mas deixa ver o povinho que vou pôr lá'. É o ranço do coronelismo. É inserir no genoma nacional o complexo de inferioridade. O Santos Dumont não pensou que não era do primeiro mundo quando voou, não pensou no 'povinho', ele foi e fez."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;(...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Vi um economista argentino falar bem do Brasil. Chorando, emocionado, 'é um exemplo, é um país que está dando um show'".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Ciência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Ciência é hoje uma questão de soberania nacional, uma questão estratégica da humanidade e uma contribuinte vital para a preservação da democracia no mundo. Porque se não ajudar a produzir comida, novas formas de energia, de curar doenças, a espécie acaba. A ciência está no vértice das decisões."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Educação científica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Mostrei as crianças montando robô, usando telescópio, medindo lua de Júpiter. Em Macaíba, na periferia de Natal. Foi um choque. Mas só fora daqui saiu nos jornais, saiu na Scientific American, na Science, na Nature, nas grandes revistas do mundo."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.natalneuro.org.br/imprensa/pdf/2008_05_nicolelis.pdf"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Clique aqui&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; para baixar a entrevista completa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-795024338280102560?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/795024338280102560/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2009/12/entrevista-ciencia-pode-ser-agente-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/795024338280102560'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/795024338280102560'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2009/12/entrevista-ciencia-pode-ser-agente-de.html' title='&quot;Ciência pode ser agente de transformação social&quot;, diz cientista'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5863072691840138606.post-8752301240225937920</id><published>2009-12-01T05:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-01T08:09:01.781-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Miguel Nicolelis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IINN-ELS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='supercomputador'/><title type='text'>IINN-ELS terá maior supercomputador da América Latina, 111º do mundo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: large; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;DO IINN-ELS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: large; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;/span&gt;AASDAP recebe doação de supercomputador&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: large; "&gt;"A Associação Alberto Santos Dumont para Apoio à Pesquisa (AASDAP), organização presidida por Miguel Nicolelis e que faz a gestão do Instituto Internacional de Neurociências de Natal Edmond e Lily Safra (IINN-ELS), recebeu da Escola Politécnica Federal de Lausanne (EPFL) o supercomputador BlueGene/L, da IBM, com capacidade de 22 teraflops (um teraflop equivale a um trilhão de operações por segundo).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; "&gt;"Pela oportunidade e importância da doação, o Ministério da Educação (MEC) do Brasil se comprometeu a investir no incremento da super máquina, que passará a ser a mais rápida da América Latina e uma das mais rápidas do hemisfério sul (número 111º no ranking dos 500 supercomputadores mais potentes do mundo). Nessa configuração final, o 14 BIS-21, como já foi batizado, será constituído por 16.384 microprocessadores e terá capacidade de 46 teraflops.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Além de contribuir para o avanço e aceleração das pesquisas do IINN-ELS e dos centros de pesquisas que integrarão o Campus do Cérebro, em Macaíba (RN), o 14 BIS-21 ajudará estudos em outras áreas do conhecimento, uma vez que não só é capaz de processar e analisar informações em tempo real da atividade elétrica, magnética e metabólica do cérebro humano, como de simular e analisar modelos climáticos; realizar a análise estatística de grandes bancos de dados genômicos, proteômicos e metabolômicos; efetuar a análise geológica para prospecção de petróleo; realizar a modelagem matemática em biologia molecular, genética, física de alta energia e química; e ainda, pode servir para o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma computacional voltada para a educação científica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"Com todas essas possibilidades de aplicações, o BlueGene/L será uma grande aquisição para a ciência e a educação brasileiras. O anúncio oficial da colaboração do MEC com a AASDAP foi feito no dia 24 de novembro, em Brasília, durante o Fórum Mundial de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Fonte: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.natalneuro.org.br/noticias_brasil/2009-11novembro.asp"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;http://www.natalneuro.org.br/noticias_brasil/2009-11novembro.asp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/5863072691840138606-8752301240225937920?l=neurofronteiras.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/feeds/8752301240225937920/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2009/12/iinn-els-tera-maior-supercomputador-da.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/8752301240225937920'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/5863072691840138606/posts/default/8752301240225937920'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://neurofronteiras.blogspot.com/2009/12/iinn-els-tera-maior-supercomputador-da.html' title='IINN-ELS terá maior supercomputador da América Latina, 111º do mundo'/><author><name>Cláudio Gonzaga</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05542993196008843501</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>
